What is Erb's palsy?

By Rasansky McKenzie

Erb’s palsy—sometimes called brachial plexus birth palsy—is a nerve injury that affects the upper portion of the brachial plexus (typically the C5–C6 nerves). It most often occurs during a difficult delivery and can lead to weakness, limited range of motion, or loss of sensation in the shoulder and arm.

The injury is commonly associated with shoulder dystocia (when the baby’s shoulder becomes lodged behind the mother’s pubic bone). Excessive lateral traction on the infant’s head/neck or improper use of delivery maneuvers can stretch or tear the nerves.

Signs & symptoms

• Arm weakness with the elbow held straight and the forearm turned inward (“waiter’s tip” posture)
• Reduced shoulder movement or inability to lift the arm
• Diminished reflexes or sensation in the affected arm/hand

Outlook & treatment

Many infants improve with early physical and occupational therapy. Some injuries—especially avulsions or severe ruptures—may require nerve graft/transfer or orthopedic surgery. A subset of children experience permanent weakness or functional limits despite treatment.

Could it be malpractice?

While not every outcome is preventable, some cases of Erb’s palsy stem from medical negligence, such as failing to manage shoulder dystocia properly, applying excessive traction, or delaying indicated interventions. If you suspect negligence, a legal review can help determine whether your family is entitled to compensation for therapy, medical care, and long-term support.

Questions about Erb’s palsy? Call the Dallas birth injury attorneys at Rasansky | McKenzie Law for a free consultation:
(214) 367-6793.

About the Author

Anyone can hire a lawyer, but if you want to give yourself the best possible chance at success, call the experienced attorneys at Rasansky McKenzie. You only get one chance to bring your case before a court. Let them put their expertise to work for you.